In northern Spain, archaeologists have found the remains of an ancient society that lived hidden underground for centuries. The discovery includes skeletons showing signs of disease, inbreeding (marrying within the family), and internal conflicts.
The society lived in Las Gobas, a group of natural caves, from the 7th to the 11th centuries. Researchers recently started examining this site, uncovering the tough conditions these people faced.
A study published in Science Advances revealed 33 individuals’ remains at Las Gobas. About 63% of the genetic samples showed inbreeding, indicating that this group was very isolated and rarely interacted with outsiders. This isolation led to poor health and lack of genetic diversity.
The study also found fractures and wounds, likely from fights using swords. This suggests frequent internal conflicts within the society.
The skeletons showed traces of smallpox, a deadly disease that affected many in medieval Europe. Experts think the disease entered through contaminated pork, a main food source. Since the group had little contact with others and limited medical knowledge, diseases spread quickly.
By the end of the 11th century, the society at Las Gobas was abandoned. Researchers believe several factors might have caused this, including resource shortages, disease, and possible pressure from invasions or political changes. The site eventually became a burial ground with many caves used for this purpose.
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