Researchers have discovered that ancient viral DNA sequences, known as human endogenous retroviruses (Hervs), play a role in susceptibility to psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. These sequences make up around 8% of human DNA and have been passed down through generations, dating back hundreds of thousands to millions of years.
Initially considered “junk DNA,” Hervs have now been found to regulate the expression of other human genes, produce RNA molecules, and even proteins in blood and brain samples. Some human genes, like syncytins 1 and 2, derived from Hervs, play crucial roles in placental development.
In a recent study, researchers profiled Herv expression in brain samples from nearly 800 autopsy cases, identifying variations in DNA that influenced Herv expression in the brain. This information was cross-referenced with findings from large genetic studies on psychiatric disorders, revealing that the expression of specific Hervs was linked to genetic susceptibility to conditions like schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression.
While further research is needed to understand the precise impact of Hervs on brain cells and psychiatric disorders, this study marks a significant step in recognizing the importance of these ancient viral DNA sequences in the human genome. The findings open up possibilities for new treatments and therapeutic interventions in the future.
Led by researchers from King’s College London and Cornell University, this groundbreaking study sheds light on the potential role of Hervs in psychiatric disorders, highlighting the intricate complexities of the human genome and its impact on mental health conditions.
