In northern Spain, archaeologists have unearthed the remains of a medieval community that lived underground for centuries. This significant discovery unveils a society marked by disease, inbreeding, and internal strife, highlighting their isolation from the outside world.
The site, known as Las Gobas, consists of natural rock caves that sheltered this troglodyte population between the 7th and 11th centuries. Recent excavations have brought to light the harsh realities these individuals experienced during their secluded existence.
A study published in Science Advances details the excavation of 33 skeletons, which provide insights into the lives of these people. Approximately 63% of the genetic samples exhibited signs of inbreeding, suggesting long-standing practices of marrying close relatives, which resulted in diminished genetic diversity. Researchers noted that the community’s isolation hindered interactions with outsiders, contributing to weakened health.
In addition to genetic issues, some skeletons displayed fractures and puncture wounds, indicating that internal conflicts likely occurred within this underground society. This evidence suggests that violence was not uncommon among them.
The remains also bore traces of smallpox, a devastating illness prevalent in medieval Europe. Researchers hypothesise that the community contracted smallpox through contaminated pork, a staple in their diet. With no external contact or access to medical care, outbreaks could spread rapidly in such a confined group.
By the end of the 11th century, the troglodyte society at Las Gobas had vanished. The precise reasons for this abandonment remain uncertain, but factors such as resource shortages, disease, and external pressures likely played a role. Ultimately, Las Gobas transformed into a necropolis, with many individuals buried within the caves.
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