The spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) in US dairy cows has experts concerned, as the virus continues to affect new herds and states. The US Department of Agriculture has identified 32 affected herds across eight states, with unclear links between the cases. The virus is believed to be transmitted through cow-to-cow contact, possibly via contaminated milking equipment.
The uncertainty surrounding the virus’s spread has raised fears about its potential evolution to infect mammals and humans. The World Health Organization has expressed alarm over the situation, emphasizing the risk of the virus developing the ability to infect humans. Experts are particularly cautious about the virus spreading to pig farms, where new recombinant flu strains could emerge.
Although genetic sequences of the virus in cows have not shown mutations for increased transmissibility to humans, concerns remain about the lack of information sharing from the USDA. Following criticism, the USDA has released genetic data to enhance transparency and facilitate research on the virus.
Overall, while the risk to the public is deemed low, precautions are advised for those in direct contact with infected animals. Despite the relatively mild impact of H5N1 in cows, measures are being taken to ensure the safety of milk products in the food supply chain.
Vocabulary List:
- Pathogenic (adjective): Capable of causing disease.
- Influenza (noun): A common viral infection that can be deadlyespecially in high-risk groups.
- Herd (noun): A group of animals of a single kind.
- Transmit (verb): To pass something from one person or place to another.
- Contaminated (adjective): Made impure by exposure to or addition of a poisonous or polluting substance.
- Recombinant (adjective): Formed by combining genetic materials from different sources.
