New research shows that calcium and vitamin D supplements may not be as effective in preventing fractures and falls in older adults as once thought. A major review published in The BMJ found little to no benefit from taking these supplements, either separately or together.
Falls happen to nearly one in three adults over 65 each year, often leading to fractures. These injuries can cause pain and affect quality of life, sometimes requiring more care. Preventing falls and fractures is an important health goal globally.
Previous studies also found limited evidence that these supplements reduce fracture risk, with mixed results on combined use. Despite this, many doctors and guidelines still recommend vitamin D, with or without calcium, for bone health.
Researchers from Canada reviewed data from 69 trials involving 153,902 adults. They looked at whether these supplements could reduce fractures and falls compared to placebo or no treatment. They found no significant reduction in fracture risk from calcium, vitamin D, or both together.
The study also found little benefit in preventing specific fractures like hip fractures or in reducing falls. Results were consistent across different groups, increasing confidence in the findings. However, the findings may not apply to people with certain bone disorders or those on osteoporosis medication.
Researchers suggest reconsidering supplement recommendations and focusing on proven methods like balance training and exercise to prevent falls.
